主題微課 #2｜八月Micro-lesson #2 · August

MECE 邏輯法MECE Logic

相互獨立、完全窮盡：分類不重疊、不遺漏。把複雜的經營問題拆清楚，報告和討論就會清楚。

Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive: no overlaps, no gaps. Break a messy business problem down cleanly and reports and discussions get clear too.

📅 2026/08/31 上課Held 31 Aug 2026

重點回顧Recap

金字塔原理Pyramid Principle

結論先行，層層支撐Conclusion first, supported layer by layer

麥肯錫發展的思考架構：用階層方式分類資訊，符合大腦理解的習慣，寫的人想得清楚，讀的人也看得懂。

A McKinsey framework that organises information in layers, matching how the brain understands. Clearer for the writer and the reader.

兩個原則Two principles

縱向＋橫向Vertical + horizontal

縱向：每一層是下一層的摘要，也支撐上一層。
橫向：同一組論點性質相同，用同一個分類標準。

Vertical: each level summarises the one below and supports the one above.
Horizontal: points in a group share the same nature and the same sorting rule.

MECE

三個快速檢查Three quick checks

  1. 這一層是否用同一個分類標準？
  2. Does this level use one sorting rule?
  3. 每一項是否只落在一個分類？
  4. Does each item fall into only one group?
  5. 全部加起來，足以回答上一層嗎？
  6. Together, do they fully answer the level above?

四層金字塔：從問題拆到行動The four-level pyramid: from problem to action

  1. 第 1 層：Level 1: 要解決什麼經營問題？（核心議題／結論）What business problem are we solving? (core issue / conclusion)
  2. 第 2 層：Level 2: 哪些主要槓桿共同決定結果？（主構面）Which main levers together decide the result? (main dimensions)
  3. 第 3 層：Level 3: 每個槓桿受到哪些驅動因子影響？（次構面）Which drivers move each lever? (sub-dimensions)
  4. 第 4 層：Level 4: 採取什麼行動、誰負責、用什麼 KPI 驗證？What action, who owns it, which KPI proves it?

示範：餐廳月營收提升 10%Example: lift restaurant monthly revenue by 10%

營收＝來客數 × 客單價。這個公式本身就是 MECE：兩個槓桿不重疊，合起來就是全部。

Revenue = covers × average spend. The formula itself is MECE: two levers, no overlap, nothing missing.

第 1 層Level 1
下季月營收提升 10%Monthly revenue +10% next quarter
第 2 層Level 2
A. 來客數Covers
B. 客單價Average spend
第 3–4 層：次構面 → 行動・負責人・KPILevels 3–4: drivers → action · owner · KPI
A1. 新客New guests與集團旅館住客合作導流｜行銷｜新客數Referrals from group hotel guests · marketing · new covers
A2. 回客Returning guests會員回訪券＋生日禮｜店長｜90 天回訪率Member return voucher + birthday treat · GM · 90-day return rate
B1. 主餐Main course主推高價值季節套餐｜主廚｜套餐點選率Push a high-value seasonal set · chef · set-menu share
B2. 加購Add-ons飲品甜點加購話術｜外場主管｜每桌加購率Drinks & dessert suggestions · floor lead · add-on rate per table
反例：不是 MECE 的拆法Counter-example: not MECE

「客人變少、行銷不足、服務不好、價格太貴」——這四點混了「結果」和「原因」，「服務不好」也可能就是「客人變少」的原因，彼此重疊；又漏了廚房出餐、座位產能等面向。

“Fewer guests, weak marketing, poor service, prices too high” mixes results with causes; poor service may itself cause fewer guests, so they overlap — and kitchen speed and seat capacity are missing.

加碼補充：三種訊息Bonus: three kinds of messages

記述性：天空烏雲密佈。評價性：今天降雨機率超過 80%。決策性：出門帶把傘比較穩當。——這就是十月「天雨傘」的伏筆。

Descriptive: dark clouds. Evaluative: over 80% chance of rain. Decisional: take an umbrella. This sets up October’s Sky · Rain · Umbrella.

關鍵動作：收集 → 分類 → 再收集 → 分類與篩選 → 分析 → 提煉根因或洞見。

Key moves: gather → sort → gather again → sort & filter → analyse → distil root causes or insights.

功課與分享Homework & sharing

挑一個你部門 FY27 OGSM 的目標，用四層金字塔拆解，最後用三個快速檢查自我審視。手繪的金字塔可以拍照上傳。

Pick one FY27 OGSM goal from your department, break it down with the four-level pyramid, then run the three quick checks. Photos of hand-drawn pyramids are welcome.